Kathy's Video Scripts
The (Shocking) History & Physics of Electric Transformers
History of electric transformers from Faraday through Lenz, Sturgeon, Callan, Ruhmkorff, Gaulard, Westinghouse and more
Quaternions to Vector Analysis
by Kathy Joseph I just finished a video on a history of the quaternions and
Quaternions Are Amazing and So Was William Rowan Hamilton (their creator)
A Biography and Description of Couplets, Quaternions and the life of Hamilton Before I get
Why Nikola Tesla is So Famous (and Westinghouse is not)
In January of 1912, almost 20 years after the “war of the currents” was over
George Westinghouse: The Unsung Hero of Electricity
Table of Contents: The Truth about Tesla’s Contract with Westinghouse How Westinghouse Became an Industrialist
Maxwell’s Equations Explained: Supplement to the History of Maxwell’s Equation
Introduction In this video I am going to explain the dot product, the cross product,
History of Maxwell’s Equations: #1 Gauss’s Law
I would like to start with a little story. In the late 1950s the faculty
( ∈ vs. ε): Why Physicists Use 2 Forms of the Greek Letter Epsilon
When I learned Maxwell’s equations in college, I was taught to draw the permittivity with
Faraday Cage and Ice Pail Experiment Explained
Before I get into the nitty grities of the physics of the Faraday cage and
Faraday Cage History: A Deep Dive
On February 22, 2022, I got to climb into something called the “cave of doom”
Charles Proteus Steinmetz: History and Science
Both during his life and after his death, Charles Proteus Steinmetz was often referred to
Charles Proteus Steinmetz Biography
A couple of years ago, a supporter of this channel with the amusingly terrifying name
How Tesla And Ferraris Invented The Two-Phase Motor
As I said in my video on the history of 3-phase electricity, both Nikola Tesla
History Of 3-Phase Electricity And It’s Distribution
Almost all of our electrical systems use 3 phase AC electricity, but how does it
The Origin of The Polyphase Current
As I said in my video on the history of 3-phase electricity, both Nikola Tesla
James Joules: The Beer Brewer Who Changed The World
Most of us who know of James Joule know of him because we have heard
Magnetic Fields, Electric Fields, and Elector Magnetic Waves: Physics And History
I was working on a video on the physics of the Faraday cage and it
The Not So Honorable History of The Wheatstone Bridge
In my last video, on the history of Ohm’s law, I talked about part of
Ohm’s Law: History and Biography of George Ohm
Everyone who studies basic electricity or physics learns Ohm’s law. But did you know that
Why Doesn’t The US Use 220V Like Everyone Else In The World?
As I studied the history of electricity I wondered more and more, why do 1/3rd
How The Light Bulb Was Invented And Who Invented It?
Imagine, you happened to fall back in time to November, 1705 and imagine you happened
Who invented the light bulb?
Imagine, you happened to fall back in time to November, 1705 and imagine you happened
How Norman Lockyer Discovered Helium, Chromosphere And Nature Magazine
How did Norman Lockyer go from being a poor civil servant with no scientific background,
Joseph Fraunhofer: The Father of Modern Astronomy
When we think of astronomy, we think of this: a person studying the position of
The Discovery of Alpha, Beta, and Gamma Rays
In this video I am going to talk about the three major types of nuclear
Radioactivity: Etymology/History and Physics
In July of 1898, Marie Sklodoska Curie and her husband Pierre Curie published the discovery
Where did The Name “Battery” Originate
So, why is this thing called a battery and what does it have to do
How Niels Bohr Mathematically Derived His Model
I just made a video about the personal history of Niels Bohr and how he
Niel Bohr’s Nuclear Model: The Nuclear Model That Changed Physics
Niel Bohr said that before 1913 no one expected that the lines of color you
The Atomic Meeting of 1941 in Copenhagen
The Atomic Meeting of 1941 in Copenhagen. In the fall of 1941, the scientist Carl
Why Werner Heisenberg Worked for Hitler
In June of 1939, 37-year-old Werner Heisenberg went on a tour of America for a
How Max Planck Fought The Nazis
Was Max Planck a fundamentally decent man who actually confronted Hitler and tried his best
Max Planck’s Quantum Theory
In December of 1900, a conservative German scientist named Max Planck wrote a paper that
Tricks for Solving Coulomb’s Law Problems
If you clicked on this link you know that Coulomb’s law often a bit of
Charles Coulomb Biography And History Of His Equation
When I looked into the history of Charles Coulomb and his famous equation, I found
Max Planck Biography with Depth & Humor
Max Planck was notoriously unphotogenic. I mean just look at him, as a viewer said
Boltzmann’s Entropy Equation: A History from Clausius to Plank
Boltzmann’s entropy formula is possibly the one of the most difficult equations in Physics. Not
The Origin of the Second Law of Thermodynamics
I remember when I learned about the second law of thermodynamics: that the total entropy
First Law of Thermodynamics: History of the Concept of Energy
The first law of thermodynamics is basically as follows: there are different types of energy,
Why The Third Law of Thermodynamics made Einstein Famous
In late October of 1911, 31-year-old Albert Einstein went to an elite and influential conference
Photoelectric Effect: History of Einstein’s Revolutionary View of Light
The photoelectric effect is taught in almost every physics class but we often forget to
Alfred Nobel’s Obituary Calling him a “Merchant of Death” Never Happened & Never Inspired the Nobel Prize
If you read a biography of Alfred Nobel or of the Nobel Prize, including Wikipedia
The Origin of The Photoelectric Effect: How Lenard Inspired and Then Terrorized Einstein
When we talk about the photoelectric effect, we usually only mention Albert Einstein. After all,
Max Planck Quantum Theory
Max Planck Quantum Theory “Why I Accidentally Created Quantum Mechanics” In December of 1900, a
How Spectroscopy Changed the World
Did spectroscopy, the study of how light is emitted and absorbed by heated objects, really
The Origin of Rutherford’s Nucleus Model
If you search online for how the nucleus was discovered you will probably find a
The Wild Life of the Father of Nuclear Theory
Discover alpha and beta radiation, Radon, and the nucleus! In 1909, a quirky and engaging
How Marie Curie Discovered Radium
How was radium discovered in an unventilated shed? Why was radioactivity discovered and called radioactivity?
JJ Thompson’s Discovery of Electron: Cathode Ray Tube Experiment Explained
JJ Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 and there are tons of videos about it.
How Wilhelm Roentgen Started The X-ray Craze
X-ray was the first scientific discovery that wasn’t made famous through scientific publishing. In fact,
The Physics of How X-rays were Discovered
There are quite a few videos about how Roentgen discovered the x-ray, but most really
How Wilhelm Roentgen Discovered X-rays
So, why is an x-ray called an x-ray? The short answer is that when Wilhelm
Wilhelm Roentgen Biography: How X-rays Were Discovered
On November 8thof 1895, a shy and diligent scientist named Wilhelm Roentgen saw a flicker
How X-rays Were Discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen
On November 8th of 1895, a shy and diligent scientist named Wilhelm Roentgen saw a
How the X-ray Machine was Discovered and Works
On November 8th of 1895, a man named Wilhelm Roentgen turned on a covered vacuum
The Origin of the Cathode Ray Tube: Physics of the Geissler tube to the Crookes tube
Let’s start in early 1857 in a laboratory in Bonn, Germany. That is where a
Howard Armstrong and Frequency Modulation
Frequency modulation or FM radio transformed how we communicate. It was, as Armstrong’s nemesis David
The Trials of Howard Armstrong
Wait, how can a good invention lead to the inventor’s destruction? Table of Contents Armstrong’s
Howard Armstrong, David Sarnoff And the Influential Superheterodyne Receiver
The superheterodyne method is where two signals are mixed to make a lower frequency signal
How Howard Armstrong Invented Positive Feedback
Positive feedback in electronics, or when a small change is feed into a loop to
Positive Feedback (Regeneration) How a College Student Invented it in 1912!
Table of Contents Edwin Howard Armstrong The Start of Armstrong’s Invention References Edwin Howard Armstrong
Triode Vacuum Tube: How it Was Invented & How it Works
Before the invention of the transistor the most important electronic equipment was the vacuum triode.
Lee de Forest: The Con Man Who Invented Radio
Lee de Forest routinely called himself the “Father of Radio” (it was even the title
The Arc Transmitter and the Titanic
Between 1907 and 1920s most AM radio was sent out using something called an arc
Reginald Fessenden & the Physics of the First Radio Broadcast
In 1899, a temperamental Canadian scientist had a vision that speech and music could be
Nikola Tesla Facts and Fiction
What have you heard about Tesla? That he invented Alternating Current (AC)? That he and
Tesla Fact vs. Fiction: Why the Public Perception is Wrong
What have you heard about Tesla? That he invented Alternating Current (AC)? That he and
The Birth of a Wireless Telegraph Empire
According to many people, Guglielmo Marconi invented the wireless telegraph. In fact, his name was
How Does a Tesla Coil Work
You might have seen the crazy cool demonstrations conducted with Tesla coils but how do
How Does a Tesla Coil Work? A Historical Deep Dive
You might have seen the crazy cool demonstrations conducted with Tesla coils but how do
How Heinrich Hertz Discovered Radio Waves to Validate Maxwell’s Equation
How was the first radio wave discovered and why? Well, it all had to do
History of Maxwell’s Equation
In 1865, James Clerk Maxwell wrote his famous (or infamously difficult) Maxwells equations. These equations
How the Idea of Electromagnetic Waves Was Invented
How did Michael Faraday make electricity with magnets? Hey, how does anyone make electricity with
The Physics behind the Current War: Edison, Tesla, & Westinghouse (AC vs. DC)
In the late 1800s there was a battle between different types of electricity, alternating and
How Thomas Edison Created a Light Bulb Empire
How did Thomas Edison go from poverty to creating an electric empire as well as
Why Alexander Graham Bell Invented the Telephone
Alexander (Alec) Graham Bell invented and promoted the telephone due to the love of, and
How does a Generator Work & How We Figured it Out
Most of our electricity comes from power plants that use a generator to, ahem, generate
How Faraday Made Electricity with Magnets: Discovery of Induction, the Generator, & Magnetic Fields
How did Michael Faraday make electricity with magnets? Hey, how does anyone make electricity with
How Michael Faraday Discovered Induction, The Generator, and Magnetic Fields
How did Michael Faraday make electricity with magnets? Hey, how does anyone make electricity with
How a Real Life Dr. Frankenstein Inspired Mary Shelly & Birthed Electrobiology
Was there a real Dr. Frankenstein? Yes, there was, his name was Giovanni Aldini and
History of the Telegraph: How Samuel Morse Stole It & Became Famous
A scientist named Joseph Henry and a machinist/inventor named Alfred Vail invented the telegraph that
How a Jar of Water Literally Shocked Thousands: How a Leyden Jar Works
Wait? How did a jar of water shock anyone? And why? Well, I’ll tell you
Who Invented the Telegraph? Joseph Henry, A Bored Math Teacher!
Why would a math teacher named Joseph Henry invent the telegraph? And didn’t Samuel Morse
How An Electromagnet Works And How Was It Invented
To understand the electromagnet, it is helpful to take a moment to learn about its
How Faraday Invented The Motor And Annoyed His Mentor
Why would inventing a motor irritate anyone? And how did Faraday invent the motor in
How Michael Faraday Invented the Motor and Irritated His Mentor
Why would inventing a motor irritate anyone? And how did Faraday invent the motor in
Oersted’s Experiment: Why it is important and Why it is so Weird
What was Oersted’s experiment? Well, it was incredibly simple: Oersted put a compass near a
Michael Faraday Biography: How Faraday Escaped Poverty with a Lot of Luck
What kind of luck did a brilliant scientist like Michael Faraday need to succeed? It
How Faraday Escaped Poverty With Luck
What kind of luck did a brilliant scientist like Michael Faraday need to succeed? It